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标题（title）：International Futures: Building and Using Global Models( t& o* ^9 Z- Y9 H
国际期货：建立和使用全球模型
0 D2 G/ {* q- h( l" b作者（author）：Barry Hughes
$ D( H. {* b' \ o1 H出版社（publisher）：Academic Press
; H$ A9 g* \" \. z: Y* X/ M) j大小（size）：13 MB (1#897#42 bytes)1 T2 k2 K# }% U8 K8 e$ \1 M
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International Futures: Building and Using Global Models extensively covers one of the most advanced systems for integrated, long-term, global and large-scale forecasting analysis available today, the International Futures (IFs) system. Key elements of a strong, long-term global forecasting system are described, i.e. the formulations for the driving variables in separate major models and the manner in which these separate models are integrated. The heavy use of algorithmic and rule-based elements and the use of elements of control theory is also explained. Furthermore, the IFs system is compared and contrasted with all other major modeling efforts, also outlining the major benefits of the IFs system., X( @7 _0 g' ~! t/ L+ U, a5 X( I* A
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% P8 G8 w8 i/ c$ {& v7 [; @( V, @Finally, the book provides suggestions on how the development of forecasting systems might most productively proceed in the coming years.
' }; i- _9 ~0 f4 qTable of contents : 2 l F! `2 L @% |
Cover......Page 1
2 F6 x5 l0 [- TINTERNATIONAL
* ~: W' E( N2 q7 J% v! W4 }7 dFUTURES
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. W/ A6 g1 O" G* `Building and Using Global Models......Page ##Copyright......Page 4$ E2 G( ~* `/ u$ S4 J
Prologue......Page 58 p4 D4 M. O* t6 s# R- |
Glossary I: Model Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 7
; F3 T' i+ E! ~Glossary II: Modeling-Related Concepts, Tools, and Databases......Page 90 i1 T4 m5 r. O6 e& P
Glossary III: Organizations, Projects, and Teams......Page 11
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Introduction......Page 1##What Path Are We On?......Page 14
! B. p8 Q9 i& o7 ~What Leverage Do We Have?......Page 15
; k& N: ], G8 o9 K& {How Do We Address Uncertainty?......Page 16
. b: |5 O$ o+ W& @& D6 ]The Plan of the Volume......Page 17
: X t9 @; x6 g4 M1 Q5 X* X2 @0 lReferences......Page 18
0 Y, t# x$ w& l8 W* S! \ L4 C M7 HIdentifying Concepts......Page 19
3 ]( B* z( Y# H. x9 ^1 V% k# e+ ] iRecognizing Systems......Page 20& g- E4 Q" t1 @9 O* \
Assembling Data......Page 2##Understanding Past and Ongoing Global Transitions......Page 26
" B4 p- v* U% b; M0 c2 ~1 _Making Fundamental Choices Concerning Model Type......Page 285 P! I8 C ?+ x# ~
Building Algorithms......Page ##Making Choices at the Equation Level......Page ##Using Statistical Fit as a Guide, Not a Straitjacket......Page ##Considering Both Distal and Proximate Drivers......Page ##Looking for and Understanding Leverage Points......Page ##Using the Model and Exploring Uncertainty......Page ##Exploring Transformative Uncertainty......Page ##Verification, Validation, and Accreditation......Page ##Addressing Errors of Omission and Commission......Page 427 Z; b( {, u/ J( f# Y, ]
References......Page 4##Foundational Work......Page 45" J. e% R" F" \; J6 u% r
The First Wave......Page 46
" i! @+ p" q2 cNew Capabilities......Page 47
5 R3 b: e9 n: ^6 S9 s' ]Integrated Assessment Models......Page 49( E: j! h! Q+ W0 G
Comparative Use of IAMs......Page 50
& [& M" m1 a5 s0 Z! uComparative Assessments of IAM Structures......Page 51
' ?" r7 R8 t2 F* w* f7 `Status of and Challenges for Global Model Building and Use......Page 594 |4 B. b) B5 ]! X# ^/ k# r
Coverage and Connections......Page 60, S0 S1 H4 S% l3 h$ |$ s
Transparency and Openness......Page 61
: C5 p) \& T$ E1 K* z% \3 BChallenges in Model Use: Dealing With Uncertainty......Page 62
w3 i" l! g$ q$ ]; K9 CShared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)......Page 6##Other Integrative Analytical Initiatives......Page 65* T* a& V5 i9 f% z! V% o3 Z1 [
References......Page 663 Q3 w$ L1 f" g( B& {1 v7 z
Structural Overview of IFs......Page 7##Data Analysis......Page 78; n0 P* x5 o7 g, f J
Creation of Scenarios......Page 79! g9 l) m# z C% `6 u. p
Users and Uses of IFs......Page 80
0 p! {9 X( ~& qLooking Ahead......Page 82
. `( F9 F" q F* z( JReferences......Page 8##Population......Page 88. r$ ~! V% S+ W& Y0 P! S& p
Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 89, F1 g- b3 \- L, T! Q% O- j
Demographic Transitions......Page 91' B: t/ E' Z0 o
Modeling Population, Especially Fertility......Page 9##Population in IFs......Page 96! ?4 J) G( E4 K r% Q: a( Z3 W5 W$ @
Fertility Rate......Page 97 X9 @+ N* [ L; e
Mortality and Migration......Page 100
6 a* n! w+ P7 D% VLimitations......Page 101
- V3 P- r5 B) l5 r: k) x; @- H% m, MComparative Scenarios......Page 102
: a) X% }8 s5 L; oConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 104
. Y( h- W* p; ^' K/ o; bHealth Transitions......Page 105
4 `. g5 y' Y: Q, o% m$ J, l. cModeling Health, Especially Mortality......Page 106- e- ?: K- O1 ~+ S9 w
Health in IFs......Page 108
; l. V$ a) H6 u7 rThe Distal Foundation......Page 1091 x3 [6 B6 W% _
The Risk Assessment Overlay......Page 112
! T8 b* `, l* S' F( a0 JCombining the Distal and Proximate Risk Drivers......Page 114
; ]; l1 k7 \# z$ R+ M+ ]Other Important Health Variables......Page 115
, G6 j+ k1 q( v7 c4 G: c( {Comparative Scenarios......Page 116
; o5 O9 z9 C- P+ e& ?$ oEducation......Page 117
3 ^ U) h @/ `Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 118* e1 `8 M; x- ~% f" |! g
Education Transitions......Page 120
i( L2 b! N* N1 UModeling Education Progression......Page 122
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发表于 2020-7-3 08:19:39