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( ^6 S1 ~# k4 ]" T标题(title):International Futures: Building and Using Global Models) w1 y) T1 O. `0 O
国际期货:建立和使用全球模型
3 T. D: H# r5 T5 r作者(author):Barry Hughes( Z! {/ e- L& e
出版社(publisher):Academic Press
' c6 R$ N" ^% U0 M大小(size):13 MB (1#897#42 bytes)
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9 z- V, J0 C$ I- rInternational Futures: Building and Using Global Models extensively covers one of the most advanced systems for integrated, long-term, global and large-scale forecasting analysis available today, the International Futures (IFs) system. Key elements of a strong, long-term global forecasting system are described, i.e. the formulations for the driving variables in separate major models and the manner in which these separate models are integrated. The heavy use of algorithmic and rule-based elements and the use of elements of control theory is also explained. Furthermore, the IFs system is compared and contrasted with all other major modeling efforts, also outlining the major benefits of the IFs system., w6 T4 \( Q8 \. \3 W1 N( U4 ]' n
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! I- g9 d6 I" _1 OFinally, the book provides suggestions on how the development of forecasting systems might most productively proceed in the coming years.! d+ B9 {' [$ P6 L
Table of contents :
0 [7 v# j* _4 P; T& h/ o8 u9 w4 P% _& YCover......Page 12 R! ~* E, x$ L8 g, b- X
INTERNATIONAL
3 w3 i" Z$ I' L) bFUTURES
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Building and Using Global Models......Page ##Copyright......Page 4& V/ b7 C- ~2 k3 ` d1 N' v3 K
Prologue......Page 5/ P* ]1 T. [' r. _& k
Glossary I: Model Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 7
( R; |# o9 m2 v# rGlossary II: Modeling-Related Concepts, Tools, and Databases......Page 98 r. Q9 ]' x/ L7 H' h8 T1 j
Glossary III: Organizations, Projects, and Teams......Page 11
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% t9 l6 w: k# hIntroduction......Page 1##What Path Are We On?......Page 146 L# _9 t8 k6 V5 ]' r/ q; l
What Leverage Do We Have?......Page 152 Q. h; B0 b* _, O5 w
How Do We Address Uncertainty?......Page 16
3 |: K' C, [) y: U+ kThe Plan of the Volume......Page 17
' e) _+ U0 Q" H2 ]1 KReferences......Page 18" D+ N% ^% w% S4 q2 F
Identifying Concepts......Page 19
/ k/ Y0 S+ F* ARecognizing Systems......Page 20
7 v, T4 f# E( n2 O R& FAssembling Data......Page 2##Understanding Past and Ongoing Global Transitions......Page 26+ P: [. q7 ^: O/ G; r7 D J3 i
Making Fundamental Choices Concerning Model Type......Page 28& m: z' O5 W. M; ~
Building Algorithms......Page ##Making Choices at the Equation Level......Page ##Using Statistical Fit as a Guide, Not a Straitjacket......Page ##Considering Both Distal and Proximate Drivers......Page ##Looking for and Understanding Leverage Points......Page ##Using the Model and Exploring Uncertainty......Page ##Exploring Transformative Uncertainty......Page ##Verification, Validation, and Accreditation......Page ##Addressing Errors of Omission and Commission......Page 42( _' J9 N( O! p2 F4 ]
References......Page 4##Foundational Work......Page 45
5 |3 M T {. I% P8 I* S0 eThe First Wave......Page 46/ S9 y$ n1 l' n) G
New Capabilities......Page 47$ Q) |1 s( P* X9 d) n7 z9 I
Integrated Assessment Models......Page 497 k' n* K* o9 z" R: ]' c
Comparative Use of IAMs......Page 50
, b% L3 A% P J z, T+ SComparative Assessments of IAM Structures......Page 51% N8 ]0 Z3 C- k7 ]6 U0 Y
Status of and Challenges for Global Model Building and Use......Page 59
! Z. \' `& {9 c7 a8 r, u& _Coverage and Connections......Page 60
% u4 ^4 Y. \) G! ]. {% wTransparency and Openness......Page 61
; Q0 F: M, f( S8 H( @Challenges in Model Use: Dealing With Uncertainty......Page 62
3 m# D5 d G$ f2 E; w4 m' |Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)......Page 6##Other Integrative Analytical Initiatives......Page 65
3 q7 r8 u2 I8 F& u, g kReferences......Page 667 f+ `9 {) r' I, Q4 \9 d
Structural Overview of IFs......Page 7##Data Analysis......Page 783 `: W% A# h1 j9 v! S1 e
Creation of Scenarios......Page 79
( |# \( s% p' I: G% p* n" n) [$ oUsers and Uses of IFs......Page 80
, s" e/ ~" D: v+ y+ PLooking Ahead......Page 82
" i9 R" \+ I, |+ DReferences......Page 8##Population......Page 88, n' u, m4 U+ c# H& R4 @
Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 890 F, p1 z$ l$ S0 o" h% S
Demographic Transitions......Page 91' e; k9 O8 Q+ Y4 F8 A# w: P; e$ {
Modeling Population, Especially Fertility......Page 9##Population in IFs......Page 96
' Q) s5 x. \( i6 \0 y7 kFertility Rate......Page 97
/ }9 C/ u! O) aMortality and Migration......Page 100& T2 x4 V7 v2 e) o' v
Limitations......Page 101
/ D! \9 D* ]% KComparative Scenarios......Page 102# ^' v" O; L0 D" A: ~
Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 104
" t5 b: p5 f/ hHealth Transitions......Page 105
1 j4 b$ J- k# M* s; W( |2 [Modeling Health, Especially Mortality......Page 106
A! A# `# |0 y& U) M- L- z rHealth in IFs......Page 108$ l% S1 ]% C: @( h* c3 S; h
The Distal Foundation......Page 109. l1 X, x2 G% `3 w/ f: C
The Risk Assessment Overlay......Page 112
( R5 x( g% p6 X( [ T* ^2 ? nCombining the Distal and Proximate Risk Drivers......Page 114
0 X( U3 X& Q% P4 E( u2 gOther Important Health Variables......Page 115
h- `8 L9 X, e1 Y$ e8 y# D1 \. c: AComparative Scenarios......Page 1166 `/ U. B B. f3 N
Education......Page 117
; W( U6 |- O8 _, o% u5 kConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 118; F+ y0 b* I$ `9 U
Education Transitions......Page 120
f& X/ r! y# S: p! j, yModeling Education Progression......Page 122
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