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/ F/ L6 T3 Z7 |- ]标题(title):International Futures: Building and Using Global Models+ {6 Z4 x0 Z; Q# \" W
国际期货:建立和使用全球模型) z/ V; G+ Q: M
作者(author):Barry Hughes
; z$ X. q+ T, v7 S/ Y出版社(publisher):Academic Press
3 P$ ?! x% e8 @& D$ y0 a: ^2 F大小(size):13 MB (1#897#42 bytes)
( r+ D& ]# A8 E格式(extension):pdf
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International Futures: Building and Using Global Models extensively covers one of the most advanced systems for integrated, long-term, global and large-scale forecasting analysis available today, the International Futures (IFs) system. Key elements of a strong, long-term global forecasting system are described, i.e. the formulations for the driving variables in separate major models and the manner in which these separate models are integrated. The heavy use of algorithmic and rule-based elements and the use of elements of control theory is also explained. Furthermore, the IFs system is compared and contrasted with all other major modeling efforts, also outlining the major benefits of the IFs system.: e: a5 Q5 [/ G/ l: |: ]
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j% L1 s' [3 y9 W/ z' l' YFinally, the book provides suggestions on how the development of forecasting systems might most productively proceed in the coming years.6 p( C! `1 Z- V( f/ y9 u( i
Table of contents : ; o+ r* U! n8 v1 v- |7 M9 {
Cover......Page 1
$ m8 R, E5 ~; ^* gINTERNATIONAL8 T8 \7 u) W4 h/ u
FUTURES
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[1 _9 P3 v' s/ bBuilding and Using Global Models......Page ##Copyright......Page 4 `, r1 ?; q4 U
Prologue......Page 5
$ T% v$ i- O, W2 F P5 m# \Glossary I: Model Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 78 q* Z: u3 g5 I. X' {
Glossary II: Modeling-Related Concepts, Tools, and Databases......Page 9& S7 I) T2 A! g$ P0 ?0 Y$ ~% N
Glossary III: Organizations, Projects, and Teams......Page 11! }- l6 J% I- u6 h+ O1 b; q
16 j# m7 y$ L) m; ?
Introduction......Page 1##What Path Are We On?......Page 14
8 w1 G2 |7 I0 X {' VWhat Leverage Do We Have?......Page 150 X+ l, ]4 y0 r w3 W/ @0 i
How Do We Address Uncertainty?......Page 16# u$ @) G' O. a8 L* A
The Plan of the Volume......Page 17
( J- N6 f5 f& ?References......Page 18) Y/ s* {! q+ I2 \( D2 J6 N
Identifying Concepts......Page 191 s8 V7 Q3 o' {( Q; ?
Recognizing Systems......Page 20
+ o( o4 B5 \' a7 b! ]2 N9 O- @Assembling Data......Page 2##Understanding Past and Ongoing Global Transitions......Page 26- o: B5 I3 l0 X- @
Making Fundamental Choices Concerning Model Type......Page 28/ ]. H- {( A$ D! V/ B
Building Algorithms......Page ##Making Choices at the Equation Level......Page ##Using Statistical Fit as a Guide, Not a Straitjacket......Page ##Considering Both Distal and Proximate Drivers......Page ##Looking for and Understanding Leverage Points......Page ##Using the Model and Exploring Uncertainty......Page ##Exploring Transformative Uncertainty......Page ##Verification, Validation, and Accreditation......Page ##Addressing Errors of Omission and Commission......Page 42
4 q7 x, c6 A/ h8 D, w5 T1 \References......Page 4##Foundational Work......Page 45
# e2 ^% U+ s& p: X" JThe First Wave......Page 46- a% d6 U4 B" t& C! ~" Q! x
New Capabilities......Page 474 N! H A8 G3 i! j& G
Integrated Assessment Models......Page 49$ ?- G, x" P j n8 |% a9 z$ J
Comparative Use of IAMs......Page 50: h, ~ G0 P8 W* G. d `; v1 ?. m
Comparative Assessments of IAM Structures......Page 51
3 U% O/ i; ]3 h* z, Z# X! p: } HStatus of and Challenges for Global Model Building and Use......Page 59
, h U3 a6 }2 {Coverage and Connections......Page 60
8 E9 V; u( x# d1 O% l( vTransparency and Openness......Page 61
4 D( T4 n) o. [1 Q- [3 O; A1 a# tChallenges in Model Use: Dealing With Uncertainty......Page 62* I$ \6 B# T4 l/ C
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)......Page 6##Other Integrative Analytical Initiatives......Page 657 z& H. p. n1 z L8 k
References......Page 66
0 |9 z5 W! u* r8 ~Structural Overview of IFs......Page 7##Data Analysis......Page 78
: b' Q' [5 O0 qCreation of Scenarios......Page 79# R. V+ N: i# o, `6 n
Users and Uses of IFs......Page 80
0 j' { [2 D& `2 sLooking Ahead......Page 82" f7 f/ n1 \' o5 e2 `
References......Page 8##Population......Page 88$ t8 ~5 o# ?9 U/ Q) X/ A7 t$ X
Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 89% J% @6 O2 i9 {; l
Demographic Transitions......Page 91# ^ M" @ e; z3 |6 y; e8 z
Modeling Population, Especially Fertility......Page 9##Population in IFs......Page 96
3 Q$ f' R3 c/ }0 O7 I3 p5 t2 gFertility Rate......Page 977 q$ \% Q) R- H; |3 q# o
Mortality and Migration......Page 100, I" ?. I9 s' t
Limitations......Page 1019 a- M$ n4 V! I; k, Q5 Z6 O6 E
Comparative Scenarios......Page 102
7 c+ p6 F j* A$ {% I8 U; bConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 104- H6 r( {" w- P* Y# b
Health Transitions......Page 105
4 u% M* f! j( O. v$ E, F9 HModeling Health, Especially Mortality......Page 106# r3 W- Z0 } A, R
Health in IFs......Page 108
9 @& q& i0 }4 ^8 p* p7 oThe Distal Foundation......Page 1091 y% `# \+ J% ]- x
The Risk Assessment Overlay......Page 1129 K; n K+ J" H8 x
Combining the Distal and Proximate Risk Drivers......Page 114
+ {4 ?9 @& Q% T/ _* N& F3 `' oOther Important Health Variables......Page 115. v5 s. ~' K9 i/ a! M$ E/ `1 }
Comparative Scenarios......Page 116' M- y$ Q( b7 f, F- c( K
Education......Page 117
! l9 q0 b1 P% J9 N; v9 EConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 118
; E( r# g% c% o& ]# \Education Transitions......Page 120: b1 s, S- F f1 C: \
Modeling Education Progression......Page 122, ^& G) k! ]8 y/ q/ k
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