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# Q1 p }6 w# q/ E$ i+ u7 N% t标题(title):International Futures: Building and Using Global Models4 m3 l2 x* ?# W7 u7 |+ Y" K
国际期货:建立和使用全球模型
5 O* J! m/ q4 c& k8 G作者(author):Barry Hughes
" \' O$ t5 Z) ^) K3 ]2 X& f! A% g" E出版社(publisher):Academic Press
8 j* N+ I+ L# M9 _) B5 s! E大小(size):13 MB (1#897#42 bytes); W( C% H( K( p
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5 V: Q1 C# V W xInternational Futures: Building and Using Global Models extensively covers one of the most advanced systems for integrated, long-term, global and large-scale forecasting analysis available today, the International Futures (IFs) system. Key elements of a strong, long-term global forecasting system are described, i.e. the formulations for the driving variables in separate major models and the manner in which these separate models are integrated. The heavy use of algorithmic and rule-based elements and the use of elements of control theory is also explained. Furthermore, the IFs system is compared and contrasted with all other major modeling efforts, also outlining the major benefits of the IFs system.$ _3 F1 q7 \! ~
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2 c$ F4 q; I i" sFinally, the book provides suggestions on how the development of forecasting systems might most productively proceed in the coming years.7 u$ x+ x; A9 A1 o v
Table of contents :
- s, G0 L7 x4 _9 OCover......Page 1* o1 k. m* W0 V1 D% r
INTERNATIONAL9 }6 Z& C2 [/ J$ p
FUTURES# Y' c; Y7 \5 y6 p% b5 r- l2 H
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, g& {4 l+ j; k0 K, h2 L& @6 ABuilding and Using Global Models......Page ##Copyright......Page 4
8 e8 t' F4 D# e0 E6 WPrologue......Page 5
J) v/ W0 H3 N) DGlossary I: Model Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 71 o4 z* ~+ @; u$ T
Glossary II: Modeling-Related Concepts, Tools, and Databases......Page 9/ S: p8 z) U* ?$ w6 ^& B8 l' j
Glossary III: Organizations, Projects, and Teams......Page 11
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; J2 U6 R$ j; s' l( HIntroduction......Page 1##What Path Are We On?......Page 14
, a3 P& o! v* a. sWhat Leverage Do We Have?......Page 15: N. K8 l$ v6 U4 }8 @ m
How Do We Address Uncertainty?......Page 163 }' p+ W, l! g7 L
The Plan of the Volume......Page 17
9 d( W z( m1 TReferences......Page 182 _: o4 ^: O7 m+ i# X! J
Identifying Concepts......Page 19
* R4 f* X! @, X) a" d6 G: ?Recognizing Systems......Page 201 i0 E, `& r: P5 B; L B
Assembling Data......Page 2##Understanding Past and Ongoing Global Transitions......Page 267 n- g, B0 @& |8 E0 s4 }
Making Fundamental Choices Concerning Model Type......Page 28
" A) A; d6 _( D* h+ B5 y( C u7 tBuilding Algorithms......Page ##Making Choices at the Equation Level......Page ##Using Statistical Fit as a Guide, Not a Straitjacket......Page ##Considering Both Distal and Proximate Drivers......Page ##Looking for and Understanding Leverage Points......Page ##Using the Model and Exploring Uncertainty......Page ##Exploring Transformative Uncertainty......Page ##Verification, Validation, and Accreditation......Page ##Addressing Errors of Omission and Commission......Page 42$ [7 @! \4 f7 n5 D; {
References......Page 4##Foundational Work......Page 45) q* Z$ d, Z% V/ m" @4 k2 Z
The First Wave......Page 46/ j) j5 Z T0 J1 A& w+ a4 d
New Capabilities......Page 47
+ @# ?5 b( l% L+ bIntegrated Assessment Models......Page 49( h; n- u3 G6 R# S/ \+ z8 S6 l- O" j
Comparative Use of IAMs......Page 50: h( L4 W6 }' f2 @
Comparative Assessments of IAM Structures......Page 51+ S& n4 ^* F+ \$ t( T, Z% ]
Status of and Challenges for Global Model Building and Use......Page 59
1 G" ~* C) a" t" ~+ I0 lCoverage and Connections......Page 60
+ f' m+ j# r8 a. ITransparency and Openness......Page 614 X' K# \; P. ?
Challenges in Model Use: Dealing With Uncertainty......Page 62. }! j: `" _; N
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)......Page 6##Other Integrative Analytical Initiatives......Page 65
1 D) f6 W$ c+ Z! [% iReferences......Page 66
7 T- k g3 h! I/ O/ i$ {0 MStructural Overview of IFs......Page 7##Data Analysis......Page 78
/ Y! c' h3 n# r- t5 G" d" E8 bCreation of Scenarios......Page 79
* v& ~- Q! z& {2 Y5 AUsers and Uses of IFs......Page 80
X3 k! b; t' F) W3 i; U. U" i, [+ wLooking Ahead......Page 82
7 @, q d3 `# V) t. s VReferences......Page 8##Population......Page 881 b$ u: b( M9 v% {' \
Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 89
, }) o4 Y) Q" g0 h4 ZDemographic Transitions......Page 91
- m7 P* C5 p) T1 S! V8 y9 ?; JModeling Population, Especially Fertility......Page 9##Population in IFs......Page 96
- M, @! d2 [+ G( EFertility Rate......Page 97
# b5 z- D& C, @: u, P8 d9 zMortality and Migration......Page 100& C; i7 L: c2 m4 @1 l' x- I
Limitations......Page 1013 s9 U& ^8 d; ?
Comparative Scenarios......Page 102
& {# T2 D0 F0 w2 V5 @Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 104! \8 o5 x7 O& o- [, f. `
Health Transitions......Page 105
( K: a# g# e9 e; r/ zModeling Health, Especially Mortality......Page 106
$ \% ^5 ^' V5 N4 p: N S: g) SHealth in IFs......Page 108; h% {, i0 y& J5 D! g( q
The Distal Foundation......Page 1092 q4 [# y Q8 z+ P
The Risk Assessment Overlay......Page 112
+ B; \1 L. ^: F( |4 Z( C7 ^5 R# m" MCombining the Distal and Proximate Risk Drivers......Page 114# ]$ r* {; i3 [! S
Other Important Health Variables......Page 115
- H0 y! f9 o5 a2 q, zComparative Scenarios......Page 116
# u6 W/ n( F$ D0 W, [* K6 I0 ~Education......Page 117
B- c# {9 i( S! F! e7 aConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 118
- z1 S; l; B! N2 _Education Transitions......Page 120
8 V1 O6 ~8 g5 T3 Q r, h' MModeling Education Progression......Page 122( i5 |% n. F, V0 i
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