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- Z# ^- J8 V/ D0 Y标题(title):International Futures: Building and Using Global Models) A0 o5 W3 |& `9 { Z
国际期货:建立和使用全球模型
, }, T4 P5 k7 G作者(author):Barry Hughes
; M1 i. E/ X" G4 r! ?% k出版社(publisher):Academic Press
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' o. F0 H5 B; i- @International Futures: Building and Using Global Models extensively covers one of the most advanced systems for integrated, long-term, global and large-scale forecasting analysis available today, the International Futures (IFs) system. Key elements of a strong, long-term global forecasting system are described, i.e. the formulations for the driving variables in separate major models and the manner in which these separate models are integrated. The heavy use of algorithmic and rule-based elements and the use of elements of control theory is also explained. Furthermore, the IFs system is compared and contrasted with all other major modeling efforts, also outlining the major benefits of the IFs system.
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* t( z4 K8 u' m+ ]Finally, the book provides suggestions on how the development of forecasting systems might most productively proceed in the coming years.) T* X) d$ O* f3 v. ?+ c! S
Table of contents : " L" }6 R4 k3 i( C) H5 a9 ~
Cover......Page 1
+ g: K7 }# _- hINTERNATIONAL* s: i* R2 t4 G# ^, Q, H' B5 @/ f
FUTURES
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Building and Using Global Models......Page ##Copyright......Page 4
8 T8 ~) t5 K; e5 Z* K3 B3 {% sPrologue......Page 5
' }' A+ u4 P! [. kGlossary I: Model Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 7# l6 T" I7 E# g3 u
Glossary II: Modeling-Related Concepts, Tools, and Databases......Page 9
& K- o: Y& i, h/ _% T- _Glossary III: Organizations, Projects, and Teams......Page 11
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Introduction......Page 1##What Path Are We On?......Page 14
" n. K' B/ k2 K1 h6 T+ dWhat Leverage Do We Have?......Page 15
% }+ o& K3 j* a) O% nHow Do We Address Uncertainty?......Page 164 W: |- y) R$ {/ M
The Plan of the Volume......Page 17
& o9 [, ^+ q) [- `References......Page 18
, ^2 u+ J0 y9 N. |0 ZIdentifying Concepts......Page 19
& i+ |% [8 H+ i7 j; ? O, J! dRecognizing Systems......Page 20
9 w4 F1 Q; J8 ^Assembling Data......Page 2##Understanding Past and Ongoing Global Transitions......Page 26
G# Z9 {& t8 u7 \7 r& H K! hMaking Fundamental Choices Concerning Model Type......Page 286 d6 {; K: Q- @+ p/ ^/ j/ r4 @
Building Algorithms......Page ##Making Choices at the Equation Level......Page ##Using Statistical Fit as a Guide, Not a Straitjacket......Page ##Considering Both Distal and Proximate Drivers......Page ##Looking for and Understanding Leverage Points......Page ##Using the Model and Exploring Uncertainty......Page ##Exploring Transformative Uncertainty......Page ##Verification, Validation, and Accreditation......Page ##Addressing Errors of Omission and Commission......Page 428 X: ]6 v% \ s. l
References......Page 4##Foundational Work......Page 458 j5 b0 A) p0 S! h0 R! k
The First Wave......Page 466 a* z7 ~( ^; n6 v
New Capabilities......Page 476 E( E/ C# _2 T6 J6 k5 ?# R1 u. h
Integrated Assessment Models......Page 49
3 P2 j2 I" ?' @: mComparative Use of IAMs......Page 50; F) u0 }0 c7 f% v2 I
Comparative Assessments of IAM Structures......Page 512 Z2 \4 {1 T3 Y( s. h7 t4 Q
Status of and Challenges for Global Model Building and Use......Page 59; V! Y- w1 E8 J. E
Coverage and Connections......Page 60
7 |' W7 h! A7 ~( Z& X- ]" y, e8 `Transparency and Openness......Page 61
# o8 v9 F$ F8 V2 e; BChallenges in Model Use: Dealing With Uncertainty......Page 62
6 K( V s ]* b! ^Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)......Page 6##Other Integrative Analytical Initiatives......Page 659 ]/ ?( {. v9 _, {; o
References......Page 66+ ^( s" w6 n& y
Structural Overview of IFs......Page 7##Data Analysis......Page 78
2 ]( `) j/ V) BCreation of Scenarios......Page 79
: L5 c8 a8 \) g2 n- ]Users and Uses of IFs......Page 80- X( h5 e7 G o7 d: V* P- |! h( {2 r
Looking Ahead......Page 82( X* g6 R9 A3 v
References......Page 8##Population......Page 887 Q O# U' F& R! W7 t' p5 i$ l3 l7 t
Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 893 C" g& Y* Z3 O( c+ d
Demographic Transitions......Page 914 L" d+ V7 ?0 t& @. X- h! z6 w& ~- F
Modeling Population, Especially Fertility......Page 9##Population in IFs......Page 96- I9 p- E; r% b6 @' E" K/ Y" e1 O
Fertility Rate......Page 972 Z* \; l/ w! S* D; o4 T1 t( }% r3 k
Mortality and Migration......Page 100. ]& t2 k: H3 r9 {$ H1 `
Limitations......Page 101
' o3 A$ G5 ~' V" ]6 D2 f: S PComparative Scenarios......Page 102
4 r7 i4 e# Z& y# PConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 104/ }0 `6 M" i. w5 U+ a
Health Transitions......Page 1057 ~+ q! D4 U" q$ j9 \! M7 `, Q7 i
Modeling Health, Especially Mortality......Page 106% c8 P+ Y# Q7 B; P4 v4 f
Health in IFs......Page 108
3 g, e) o5 F3 p& S5 k4 cThe Distal Foundation......Page 109
" z# `* \5 Z( g4 H$ ?9 |The Risk Assessment Overlay......Page 112
% ~) \! W$ D' p& _. d. hCombining the Distal and Proximate Risk Drivers......Page 114$ O6 O8 U4 [; ?" z( S. L
Other Important Health Variables......Page 115( k& n- \0 ~2 D: G) g" D* _
Comparative Scenarios......Page 1164 i6 K9 f' E' M1 j# t9 v
Education......Page 117
; C6 c# i) m% ]7 R4 n: C! ]Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 118/ F- ~- H: O; Q$ \# I: w# [5 M
Education Transitions......Page 120( t$ `8 }: V; A4 r7 |5 a
Modeling Education Progression......Page 122( ~! D7 ^. E4 ?2 E0 y
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