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" f' r @% B& m* I" Z% P标题(title):International Futures: Building and Using Global Models
; c. @7 j# A" x* y5 s! K国际期货:建立和使用全球模型
1 r% O( g1 Z+ Y作者(author):Barry Hughes
O9 u: |' X2 o6 E% h+ n出版社(publisher):Academic Press
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International Futures: Building and Using Global Models extensively covers one of the most advanced systems for integrated, long-term, global and large-scale forecasting analysis available today, the International Futures (IFs) system. Key elements of a strong, long-term global forecasting system are described, i.e. the formulations for the driving variables in separate major models and the manner in which these separate models are integrated. The heavy use of algorithmic and rule-based elements and the use of elements of control theory is also explained. Furthermore, the IFs system is compared and contrasted with all other major modeling efforts, also outlining the major benefits of the IFs system.
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Finally, the book provides suggestions on how the development of forecasting systems might most productively proceed in the coming years.! W6 U5 c9 h1 J2 e! w* g6 @* f
Table of contents : + _1 v& U" h6 e" K! E
Cover......Page 10 [3 o, K3 o+ F3 m. y U
INTERNATIONAL. F) ~* W" M( r& `# g- Q
FUTURES" J' I x0 i' I. a( @
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Building and Using Global Models......Page ##Copyright......Page 4
$ Q! l- Z% E# ?3 ]0 g: sPrologue......Page 5
2 J* H; h/ h6 yGlossary I: Model Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 76 U8 L6 j& f+ I- R0 D `
Glossary II: Modeling-Related Concepts, Tools, and Databases......Page 91 n ~, M% V' ~' r& m3 F& G
Glossary III: Organizations, Projects, and Teams......Page 11
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Introduction......Page 1##What Path Are We On?......Page 149 s, g3 l7 C. x8 k
What Leverage Do We Have?......Page 154 x2 K) ~" P4 v/ n
How Do We Address Uncertainty?......Page 16! ?* s% v3 a, y, l \
The Plan of the Volume......Page 17$ B% Q( I/ ?* V# b1 A
References......Page 18
" ]6 c( L5 u5 t$ D! H& C- U5 _Identifying Concepts......Page 192 }* U. N( z7 w$ {8 A3 m# ~, ~6 U
Recognizing Systems......Page 20
& o9 v5 v9 q- b5 C$ WAssembling Data......Page 2##Understanding Past and Ongoing Global Transitions......Page 26# A1 V+ } m4 J' m+ t+ Z% a
Making Fundamental Choices Concerning Model Type......Page 283 \9 }3 V7 W0 P
Building Algorithms......Page ##Making Choices at the Equation Level......Page ##Using Statistical Fit as a Guide, Not a Straitjacket......Page ##Considering Both Distal and Proximate Drivers......Page ##Looking for and Understanding Leverage Points......Page ##Using the Model and Exploring Uncertainty......Page ##Exploring Transformative Uncertainty......Page ##Verification, Validation, and Accreditation......Page ##Addressing Errors of Omission and Commission......Page 42; t+ ~$ {+ p1 f+ ]; p
References......Page 4##Foundational Work......Page 45
- c! J5 D$ g* F% j: X7 aThe First Wave......Page 46
7 V+ F: W3 d I4 ^0 u! `) gNew Capabilities......Page 478 x" Q0 _8 ^, X" [) m
Integrated Assessment Models......Page 49
8 V3 R! U/ Y4 F! R9 ]Comparative Use of IAMs......Page 50
9 Z( ^2 d1 j% m/ J5 u O! l1 t/ c2 |+ ZComparative Assessments of IAM Structures......Page 51
* K' |+ s. v, V: E, J% MStatus of and Challenges for Global Model Building and Use......Page 590 f4 d6 V- m7 U$ Y- t {9 b% K* D
Coverage and Connections......Page 60
5 P3 H0 P& o: O; N5 R' N/ D, VTransparency and Openness......Page 61
. x) H, [8 o3 Z, B/ |( j- t$ mChallenges in Model Use: Dealing With Uncertainty......Page 62
& [. }+ t3 Q8 e& jShared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)......Page 6##Other Integrative Analytical Initiatives......Page 651 b* q; s: _' a
References......Page 663 i6 D5 K6 S: a% ?* a# S# R; D
Structural Overview of IFs......Page 7##Data Analysis......Page 78
0 ^# R: T, }& u h" {, A+ u8 ECreation of Scenarios......Page 79
+ {1 P' d- v! P/ x* WUsers and Uses of IFs......Page 80" L. z9 R7 e( ]: X
Looking Ahead......Page 82( j5 v: o% R+ A. i3 F! [
References......Page 8##Population......Page 88
( r$ g8 _5 G& c" e# ~Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 89* j1 H" W1 y7 H* a
Demographic Transitions......Page 91
6 s- ~: F8 Q3 D/ j' o3 P4 jModeling Population, Especially Fertility......Page 9##Population in IFs......Page 96* U, m/ c4 r% ]4 |$ U, ?( |1 R% F
Fertility Rate......Page 97# V& |0 c% v0 \/ B t& @
Mortality and Migration......Page 100
, ^) a( A/ {/ x' \6 l' a6 f1 GLimitations......Page 101 W- V- j! V6 b- c% o
Comparative Scenarios......Page 102
" c' o3 {2 _: [ ]Concepts, Structures, and Data......Page 104
. D) N( \ E& |+ n9 y( v- mHealth Transitions......Page 1057 N0 Q- {$ {9 V! l( m* y
Modeling Health, Especially Mortality......Page 106& W9 o3 [/ Q, `; a. l" S! J3 o
Health in IFs......Page 108
3 T7 D. J# @4 y9 ~$ t1 r7 LThe Distal Foundation......Page 109
5 L5 q0 I& Z, J4 r, l# RThe Risk Assessment Overlay......Page 1122 }! s, F. m0 V; B
Combining the Distal and Proximate Risk Drivers......Page 114
0 d+ \/ @; _1 d6 [9 x" c2 GOther Important Health Variables......Page 1156 x% V* z; F, `8 ~
Comparative Scenarios......Page 116
, H1 W/ H2 M* [& r6 ?1 ~5 ~Education......Page 117
/ A& Z: H' m4 EConcepts, Structures, and Data......Page 118
% W, a' d" ]8 k1 K" N& yEducation Transitions......Page 120' |7 w8 t# q6 N; A- T) M( F
Modeling Education Progression......Page 122
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